Critique of the Absence of a Personal Relationship with God
One of the profound philosophical consequences of Moksha, in its non-dual formulation, is the elimination of any personal relationship with God. Moksha, as presented in this framework, destroys the concept of the “self” (the human subject) and the concept of the “other” (God as a distinct being).
By doing so, it eliminates the very possibility of divine love, خشوع (humble devotion), and reliance (tawakkul).
In Islam, spirituality is built upon a continuous, interactive relationship between a Great Creator and a needy servant. The servant calls upon Allah, loves Him, fears Him, and hopes in Him—while Allah hears, responds, forgives, and guides.
“If there is no real distinction between the worshipper and the One worshipped, then worship itself becomes meaningless, and religion is reduced to a purely abstract philosophical state rather than a living, experiential reality.